Trabeculectomy or surgical trabeculectomy is the most commonly performed glaucoma filtration surgery worldwide. In recent years due to the availability of very effective eye drops, the requirement for this surgery has reduced. However, when the pressure is not controlled with eye drops, glaucoma filtration surgery becomes necessary. Later in this article, find out Glaucoma surgery costs in India.
WHAT IS SURGICAL TRABECULECTOMY?
In surgical trabeculectomy, sometimes also called Glaucoma filtration surgery, a connection is planned from the inside part of the eye where the IOP (intraocular pressure) is high to the outside part of the eye where the IOP is low.
This planned connection is by removing a 2×2 mm window of the sclera (white part of the eye) and then covering the open window with conjunctiva (the transparent membrane that lies over the entire eyeball). The fluid now flows from the inside of the eye drains into a space under the conjunctiva.
As the fluid flows through the new drainage opening, the tissue over the opening rises to form a little blister or bubble, called a bleb. The bleb is located where the sclera, or white of the eye, joins the iris, the coloured part of the eye. You could read more about glaucoma surgery.
The entire surgery takes place under local anaesthesia.
WHO SHOULD UNDERGO SURGICAL TRABECULECTOMY?
Patients who have advanced optic nerve damage as detected on the OCT.
Those patients with advanced visual field loss are detected on the visual field test.
Glaucoma patients are on maximum medical treatment but still have raised eye pressure.
Patients who want to be free from putting drops lifelong due to side effects or general burden on their quality of life.
WHAT ARE THE PRE-SURGERY REQUIREMENTS?
Patients should have regular blood sugars and normal blood pressure. Any abnormality in these values will hamper the healing post-operatively.
Eye pressure should not be very high. Oral medications bring down the pressure of the eye care given to patients with very high eye pressure. Operating on an eye with very high pressure can cause bleeding and tissue damage during the surgery.
WHAT TO EXPECT AFTER GLAUCOMA SURGERY?
After glaucoma surgery or surgical trabeculectomy, the patient must follow up every two days for the 1st week. This is important because this is the crucial period during which the connection made in the eye heals, and most of the glaucoma surgery side effects are felt in this period.
The doctor will check if the pressure inside the eye is not too high or not too low and accordingly alter the management in the first two weeks.
Sometimes, an injection in the eye gets decided after surgery to keep the connection open if the doctor feels it is getting blocked due to the eye's natural healing process.
WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF GLAUCOMA SURGERY?
As mentioned before, it is very common for eye pressure to fluctuate after glaucoma surgery. Hence the patient must follow up closely with us.
Sometimes the intraocular pressure becomes too low, in which case a patch is placed over the eye for a few hours. It may also be too high post-surgery, in which case simple medications or removal of a suture in the OPD itself can help tide over this temporary effect.
Patients may complain of pain and irritation in the eye post-operatively, but they are temporary side effects and go in a week.
In patients with a mild or early-stage cataract, the cataract advances faster after glaucoma surgery. We advise patients with early-grade cataracts to get a combined procedure. Doing a cataract surgery later may fail the glaucoma surgery.
One of the more severe complications is eye infections. These infections can happen after any eye surgery and even after a trabeculectomy. Patients should know that if there is pain, redness, or decreased vision after the surgery, they should immediately consult their eye surgeon or glaucoma specialist.
Maybe 3-10 years later, the surgery can fail in the long term. Which means that it stops helping in reducing pressure. If that happens and pressures begin to rise again, one may have to perform the surgery again.
WHAT TO EXPECT AFTER GLAUCOMA SURGERY?
STRICT HYGIENE. It is very important and stressed more than maintaining strict cleanliness around the eye is extremely important. Just as now there is a connection for fluid to exit the eye, there is also a connection for bacteria to get into the eye. If that does occur, the consequences are very troublesome.
Proper application of medications as advised by the doctor. Appropriate application of medication ensures no infections and helps in the healing process. This, in turn, ensures normal pressures inside the eyeball
Avoid any physical activity that causes a lot of pressure on the upper part of the body. This causes undue pressure on the eyeball and may cause excess fluid to drain out of the eyeball.
No water should go into the eye for two weeks. It's advised to have a bath from the neck below, avoid swimming, avoid stepping out of the house in the rain.
WHO PERFORMS THE GLAUCOMA SURGERY?
At Eye Solutions, we have a Glaucoma Department and have one of the best glaucoma specialists in Mumbai.